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Question: If I have bled the brakes to where I am only getting clean-golden fluid, do I still need flush out the system?
Flushing is more thorough than just simply bleeding - even if you're getting what appears to be clean fluid.
Essentially, you need to push enough fresh fluid through the system to completely replace all of the old fluid. Technically, that would require you to ascertain the system capacity, but that may not be practical. Capacities vary widely, but a quart is a good starting point - though you may not use all of it.
What I've done with vehicles of more recent manufacture is siphon all the existing fluid out of the master cylinder reservoir, and then blot the reservoir, repeatedly, with some Q-tips to get rid of any sediment. By doing so, I'm actually (and purposely) gonna introduce some air into the system.
Then, I refill the master cylinder reservoir and start bleeding (either manually or with a MityVac and bleeding kit), being mindful not to run the reservoir dry during that process. That way, when there's no more air in the stream of exiting fluid, I feel confident that I've pushed all the old fluid out of the system.
However, that may not be so easy to accomplish - depending on the location and style of your master cylinder. If mounted low or underneath the car, you might have to remove the master cylinder for cleaning. If you have a remote reservoir, be sure to drain, clean, and refill it, as well.
Yet, the only way to be 100% sure that you've removed all contamination is to completely disassemble and clean (or repair) ALL cylinders and (as previously noted in this thread) flush out the lines and hoses with a compatible solvent; then refill, and bleed.
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