Russia, picture was taken in prewar times (coatee without shoulder boards).



[picture source: www.oldmos.ru]

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Moscow, end of the thirties mid-forties

[picture source: www.oldmos.ru]

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Mike, 8 cyl. vs. 4 cyl. ... in strict accordance with the majority situation we should call it Packault.

Ross, please find attached additional Edmunds effects, tailor-made for your requirements.

Let's have a look at atmospheric conditions. A knock free combustion needs high octan fuel or an Edmunds head when

the atmospheric pressure is higher (5) or
the air temperature is higher (6) or
the atmospheric humidity is lower (7).

You are frequently in Africa. If you are at the coast of East Africa an octane number of 95 is common but if you would drive on its elevated plain 93 octane would be enough (I'm not sure if you have the same system of octane rating like we have in Europe).

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Yes and ...

An engine is a system that consists of many parts. To intelligently increase the system performance requires to change more than just one part. The higher pressure impinges on pistons, valves, bearings, head gasket, combustion, ...
If we nevertheless change only one part then this part has to combine two functions: the target improvement and countermeasures to alleviate bad effects.
The Edmunds probably has smaller, more shallow combustion bowls to increase the compression ratio and with that the performance. Increased compression increases the knock susceptibility. Therefore it needs countermeasures.
The improved thermal conductivity (aluminum) and the more simple combustion chamber shape (no hotspot edges) are those measures.




Please compare the Edmunds head above with a --> 288AT combustion chamber.

The center mounted spark plug has a Janus-faced character. It increases the combustion speed to obtain a higher performance yield but reduces the length of the flame front.

What's the meaning of the lengths of the flame front?
Please take a look at the picture:

A - side mounted spark plug with long combustion front
B - center mounted spark plug with short combustion front

A > B and with that it decreases the knock resistance because a long way gives more time for knocking. Therefore the center mounted spark plug doesn't need a countermeasure.

And how about C?

C - a second flame front ("the knock")

To mistake misfire for engine knocking isn't uncommonly. Misfire is a self ignition without ignition spark but engine knocking occurs when:

" ...combustion of the air/fuel mixture in the cylinder starts off correctly in response to ignition by the spark plug, but one or more pockets of air/fuel mixture explode outside the envelope of the normal combustion front ..." [wikipedia]

Ross, the Edmunds makes the combustion more efficient (fuel efficiency).
As you know when we drive more slowly (with less rpm) then the combustion chamber is filled with more residues. That increases the probability of a hot spot occurrence. The Edmunds decreases the knock susceptibility by more efficient combustion. And when we drive faster (with higher rpm) the Edmunds allows higher pressure without knocking.
The improved combustion behavior enables:

1) to use low-octane fuel or
2) to drive longer or
3) to drive faster and
4) to drive cleaner

5) ... to be continued
6) ... to be continued
7) ... to be continued

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Keith (PackardV8), thats the answer to your question, dated 2010/3/25
The ZIL-114 had them, the pictures below show its second version. The half-life period of such embellishment has been short. In the last fifty years the design of Russian luxury cars followed clear geometric lines, always looking for timelessness.

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A photograph from the collection of the East German government motor pool. It shows the same ZIL-114 as above, an early version, but its ownership has changed. Brezhnev donated it to his German comrades, a common practice.
The car already has ventilated disks (front and rear). Its cast aluminium V8 (carb., ohv.) reached 300 hp to move 3.085 kg empty weight (6.787 lb). Launched in 1967 as seven-seater it also was available as five-seater four years later. I believe that even the aircon compressor housing was made of cast aluminium.

Electromechanical torsion bar suspension? Now that's going too far. But torsion bars at least.

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My sentiments exactly.

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Done.

1928 Packard Dietrich Cabriolet Limousine



[picture source buickbill53 / ebay]

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The design of the 114 from the house of ZIL bears a likeness to the Lincoln Limo but is it a copy? No, I don't think so, it shows certain creative liberties. Especially the interior has a number of Mercedes borrowings and influences.

BTW, as long as I talk about creative liberties I mean the car ...

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Howard, unfortunately I'm too busy at the moment to comment in detail. It looks Packardlike: solid, clear design, no gimmickry.