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A 9V battery I think would work well, but you also will be shorting out the battery so be careful. For about $50 you can get a benchtop power supply from amazon that will work well for stuff like this. Set to 7-8V and like 1 amp.

If using 9V battery:
I would grab a 100W INCANDESCENT lightbulb and a plain socket from a hardware store, and wire it in series with the battery. The bulb is basically a nice resistor. The resistance of the regulator parts should be very low, so probably will be about a 1 amp going thru at short circuit. A (horrible quality) diagram is attached.

If you apply the tester between arm and ground the cutout relay should close. Test with multimeter, 0 ohms between bat and arm. Make sure polarity is correct always (positive ground). Likewise since it's 9V the voltage relay should open. Test between fld and ground, should be at least 10 ohms or so. With tester removed, should be no continuity between bat and arm and 0 ohms between fld and ground.

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There are some test procedures in the Autolite Generator Training manual as well as in the Electrical section of the 51-4 service manual. Either one can give some basic tests you can do to isolate issues.

In lieu of having a high current capable direct connecting amp meter some tests can be done using a relatively inexpensive clamp on amp meter and sensing the BAT or ARM wire going into the regulator. Amazon has several that would work in the $25-50 range.

The meters work by sensing current flow thru a wire and how it affects the iron core in the clamp going around that wire. If you decide to try one just be sure the specifications specifically say it can read DC amps and try to get one that also has a low range so it can read accurately at low levels.

Avoid the really inexpensive meters as some are not that sensitive when looking at low amps and also can only do AC because their sensors work more like a transformer.

Howard and Home Away; Thanks for the information. I've copied it out to another page where I can print it and take it out to my car for reference. I'll let you know what I find out.
Thanks again for your help.

Hello, again. I've followed your procedures on testing this and using the 100W bulb gives me a little "click" when touching to ground. So, I think that circuit is complete. When checking the resistance in the circuits, I also get close to those values you gave me. I've also gone into the Moss video on checking the generator output where he connected a lead to the field terminal and to a known power source with the voltmeter attached, I think to that power source. We then see if the voltage rises and if not, then the generator is not producing any output. However, I've looked at the other videos to see where the other leads might be attached and could not find any telling me how to set up that particular test. Does anyone have any clue as to how that is actually done. What is connected where to activate the generator field to produce output?
Thanks again.